:root {
  --color-bg: #fff;
  --color-text: #333;
  --color-muted: #595959;
  --color-primary: #052d6b;
  --color-accent: #0066cc;
  --color-border: #ddd;
  --color-award: #c00;
  --color-news: #0066ff;
  --color-abstract: #555;
  --font-body: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
  --font-heading: 'Merriweather', serif;
  --space-small: 0.5rem;
  --space-medium: 1.5rem;
  --space-large: 3rem;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
body { margin: 0; background: var(--color-bg); color: var(--color-text); font: 1rem/1.6 var(--font-body); }
h1, h2, h3, p, ul { margin: 0; }
h1, h2, h3 { font-family: var(--font-heading); color: var(--color-primary); line-height: 1.3; }
h1 { font-size: 2.5rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.75rem; }
h3, .news-content h2 { font-size: 1.25rem; }
strong { font-weight: 600; }
a { color: var(--color-accent); text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
button { font: inherit; cursor: pointer; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--color-primary); outline-offset: 3px; }
img { max-width: 100%; }
sup { font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 0; }
[hidden] { display: none !important; }

/* One reading width and spacing hierarchy across all pages. */
main, .site-header, .hero { max-width: 880px; margin: 0 auto; }
main { padding: 0 var(--space-medium); }
.content-section, .news-list { margin-block: var(--space-large); }
.content-section > h2 { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border); padding-bottom: var(--space-small); margin-bottom: var(--space-medium); }
.pub-list, .entry-list, .course-list, .research-topics, .recent-news-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; }
.pub-list > li + li { margin-top: var(--space-small); }
.entry-list > li + li { margin-top: var(--space-medium); }
.detail-list { padding-left: var(--space-medium); }
.detail-list, .course-list { margin-top: var(--space-small); }
.detail-list > li, .course-list > li { margin: 0; }
.entry-heading { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; column-gap: var(--space-medium); align-items: baseline; }
.entry-heading > :first-child { flex: 1 1 24rem; min-width: 0; }
.entry-meta { margin-left: auto; text-align: right; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: 0.875rem; }
.affiliation { color: var(--color-muted); }
.author-legend { margin-top: var(--space-small); }

/* Shared navigation and page headings. */
.site-header { padding: var(--space-medium); }
.site-header nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--space-small) var(--space-medium); padding-bottom: var(--space-medium); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
.site-header nav a { color: var(--color-primary); font-weight: 600; }
.site-header nav a[aria-current='page'] { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 0.35em; }
.hero { padding: var(--space-medium) var(--space-medium) 0; text-align: left; }
.hero + main > :first-child { margin-top: var(--space-medium); }
.hero-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 116px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: var(--space-medium); }
.profile-frame { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
/* Frame the uncropped source around the face without modifying the image file. */
.profile-photo { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transform: scale(4.2); transform-origin: 42% 50%; }
.home-intro { margin-top: var(--space-medium); }
.home-intro > p { margin-top: var(--space-medium); }
.research-topics > li + li { margin-top: var(--space-medium); }
.research-topics > li > a { font-weight: 600; }
.content-section > p + p { margin-top: var(--space-small); }
.related-links { color: var(--color-muted); }
.recent-news-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 9rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: var(--space-small); }
.recent-news-list li + li, .archive-link { margin-top: var(--space-small); }
.recent-news-list time { color: var(--color-muted); }
.hero-text { min-width: 0; }
.hero-text h1 { margin-bottom: var(--space-small); }
.hero-links { margin-top: var(--space-small); }
.hero-links a { font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; }
.hero-links > span { margin-inline: 0.25em; }

/* Research themes share one overview above the detailed sections. */
.research-overview { margin: var(--space-large) 0 0; }
.research-overview > h2 { margin-bottom: var(--space-medium); }
.research-overview .theme-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: var(--space-medium); }
.research-overview .theme { min-width: 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--color-primary); padding-top: 0.75rem; }
.research-overview .theme h3 { margin-top: 0.5rem; min-height: 3.9em; font-size: 1.25rem; }
.research-overview .theme-illustration { display: block; width: 100%; height: 146px; margin: 0.75rem 0 0; }
.research-overview .schematic-depth { fill: var(--color-muted); font: 10px var(--font-body); text-anchor: middle; }
.research-overview .schematic-label { min-height: 3em; margin-top: 0.25rem; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center; }
.research-overview .theme-description { margin-top: var(--space-medium); }
.research-overview .theme-link { display: inline-block; margin-top: var(--space-small); font-weight: 600; }
.research-overview .shared-theme { position: relative; margin-top: 2rem; padding-top: 1.4rem; text-align: center; }
.research-overview .shared-theme::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 16.67%; right: 16.67%; height: 0.55rem; border: 1px solid #9baec6; border-top: 0; }
.research-overview .shared-theme::after { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0.55rem; left: 50%; height: 0.6rem; border-left: 1px solid #9baec6; }
.research-overview .shared-theme strong { color: var(--color-primary); }
.research-overview figcaption { max-width: 38rem; margin: 0.5rem auto 0; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: 0.875rem; text-align: center; }
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .research-overview .theme-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2rem; }
  .research-overview .theme h3 { min-height: 0; max-width: 28rem; }
  .research-overview .theme-illustration { max-width: 280px; height: 160px; margin-inline: auto; }
  .research-overview .schematic-label { min-height: 0; }
  .research-overview .theme-description { margin-top: 1rem; }
  .research-overview .shared-theme { padding-top: 1.25rem; border-top: 1px solid #9baec6; }
  .research-overview .shared-theme::before, .research-overview .shared-theme::after { display: none; }
  .research-overview figcaption { text-align: left; }
}

/* Numbered news links remain independently focusable inside one wrapping badge. */
.badges { display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; gap: var(--space-small); margin-right: var(--space-small); }
.badge { display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; gap: 0.25em; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border: 1px solid currentColor; border-radius: 0.35rem; background: var(--color-bg); font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; }
.badge-best { color: var(--color-award); }
.badge-news { color: var(--color-news); }
.badge-news a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 0.15em; }
.badge-abstract { color: var(--color-abstract); }
.badge-abstract[aria-expanded='true'] { color: var(--color-text); }
.abstract { margin-top: var(--space-small); padding: var(--space-medium); border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 0.25rem; background: #fff; white-space: pre-wrap; }
.citation { display: inline; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

/* Preserve the full news archive; Home uses a compact date-and-title list. */
.news-list { display: grid; gap: var(--space-medium); }
.news-card { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 0.5rem; overflow: hidden; }
.news-image { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; object-fit: contain; display: block; background: #f3f4f6; }
.news-placeholder { display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: 0.875rem; }
.news-content { padding: var(--space-medium); }
.news-content > * + * { margin-top: var(--space-small); }
.news-content h2 a { color: inherit; }
.news-content time { display: block; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: 0.875rem; }
.btn { display: inline-block; padding: var(--space-small) 0; font-weight: 600; }
footer { padding: var(--space-medium); text-align: center; color: var(--color-muted); font-size: 0.875rem; }

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
  h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
  .site-header nav { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); row-gap: 0; padding-bottom: var(--space-small); }
  .site-header nav a { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 2.75rem; }
  .hero-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--space-small) var(--space-medium); }
  .hero-links a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 2rem; }
  .hero-links > span { display: none; }
  .hero-inner { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .profile-frame { width: 116px; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; }
  .entry-heading { display: block; }
  .entry-heading > span { display: block; }
  .entry-meta { text-align: left; margin-left: 0; }
  .recent-news-list li { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 0; }
}